According to Ptolemy, the present county of LONDONDERRY formed part of the country of the Darnii or Darini, whose name appears to be perpetuated in the more modern designation of "Derry." The earliest internal evidence represents it as being chiefly the territory of the O'Cathans, O'Catrans or O'Kanes, under the name Tir Cahan or Cathan-aght, signifying "O'Kane's country:" they were a branch and tributary to the O'Nials, and their chief seate was at a place now called the Deer Park, in the vale of the Roe. At the time of Elizabeth's reign, and the flight of the Earls, the southern side of the county appears to have been possessed by the O'Donnels, O'Conors, and O'Murrys. The O'Cahans were not among the attainted septs, and consequently, in the ensuing schemes of plantation, many of them were settled among the native freeholders by James I, though they afterwards forfeited their estates in the subsequent civil war.
UaithneClann Uathnia included Uaithni Thíre (perhaps the southern part of the barony of Owney and Arra in northwest Co. Tipperary) and Uaithni Cliach (barony of Owneybeg in northeast Co. Limerick). Uaithne Cliach (of Cliú) was also referred to as Uaithne Beg or Uaithne Fidbaig (Fidbuide or Fidhbhaidé).
The Four Tribes of Owney (Uaithne) were described as:
- O'Heffernan - The O'Mulryans of Corfin, Co. Clare were noted as chiefs in Owney in the 14th century, displacing the O'Heffernans.
- O'Calahane- The O'Cahalane or Culhane (Ua Cathalain) sept is noted as a lord of Owney Beg (Uaithne Cliach) in the early 12th century.
- O'Loinsigh (Lynch) and MacKeogh.
- Ua Duinechair (e.g. O'Dinan, Downing) is another sept noted as chiefs of Uaithne (Cliach) by O'Hart (Pedigrees).
an early Uaithne Tíre genealogy: (Rawlinson)
Loingsech m. Sestnáin m. Congeltaich m. Donnchada m. Echdach m. Moínaich m. Brócáin m. Beraich, descended from ... Celtchair m. cUuithechair m. Fothaid m. Fhir Fhiled m. Glaiss m. Rosa m. Rudraigi m. Sittride m. Duib m. Fomuir m. Argatmáir m. Sírláim m. Find m. Blátha m. Labrada m. Carpri m. Ollaman Fótla. m. m. Fiachach Findscoithe a athair m. Sétna Airtt m. Ébir m. h-Ír m. Míled.
- U627, The battle of Carn Feradaig in Cliú, in which Failbe the Red of Feimen was victor. Guaire of Aidne took flight. Conall son of Maeldub took flight, and the king of Uí Maine fell.
- AI708, The harrying of Cliú by Cormac, grandson of Maenach.
- M914, Ainle, son of Cathan, lord of Uaithne-Cliach, was put to death by the foreigners of Loch Dachaech.
- U916, Ainnle son of Cathán, king of Uaithne of Cliú, was put to death by the foreigners of Loch dá Chaech.
- M949, Dubhdabharc, son of Maelmordha, lord of Uaithne-tire, died.
- M1080, Eochaidh Ua Loingsigh, lord of Uaithne-thire, died.
- CS1089, ua Conchobuir went on a raid into Mumu to Cell Dalua and Dál Cais in those ships, while ua Mael Sechnaill was in Uaithne Tíre and Uaithne Fidbaide, and they brought away many cows and captives.
- M1107, Cuilen Ua Cathalan, lord of Uaithne-Cliach, died.
- MCB1158, Amhlaoibh son of Aonghus Ó Donnchadha went on a foray to Uaithne, and Ó hIfearnáin, Ó Cathail, and many others were killed by him.
- AI1313, Donnchad, son of Domnall Ó Briain, and his brother Brian, accompanied by many nobles from Tuadmumu, invaded Uaithne and slew many of the inhabitants.
- M1585, Conor-na-Moinge of the Long Hair, son of William Caech, son of Dermot O'Mulryan, Lord of Uaithne-Ui-Mhaoilriain.
Uí Fidgeinti, branching out of the Race of Fiachu Fidgenid, son of Maine Munchaín. The Uí Fidgente inhabited a region of County Limerick along the River Maigue, west of Limerick City, from the 3rd to the 12th century. About 950, Uí Fidgeinti split into two major groups, the Uí Cairpri (Cairbre) and the Uí Chonaill Gabhra. Chiefs of the former group, also called Uí Cairbre Eaodhe (Aodhbha), included the O'Donovan chiefs whose seate was at Bruree, County Limerick. Chiefs of Uí Chonaill Gabra included the Uí Cuiléin, or Collins, of the baronies of Connello, County Limerick. The Uí Cairpri Luachra, of Éoganacht Locha Lein affiliation, was also noted in the county Kerry, Cork, and Limerick region.
The Saerthuatha Muman are described by the Book of Ballymote as Uí Conaill Gabra, Uí Cairbri, Uí Liathain, Uí Cormaic, Tradraighe, Uí Cathbaid, and Eli. Septs of the Uí Fidgeinti included O'Donovan, O'Collins, O'Flannery, and Lyons, among others of mid and west Limerick. e.g. baronies of Shanid, Lower Connello, Kenry and Pubblebrien.
Uí Chairpri Éabha - by the 10th century an eastern portion of Uí Fidgeinti territory became the patrimony of the Uí Chairbre Éabha. The historian John O'Donovan describes the territory Uí Chairpri Aebhdha comprising the barony of Coshma and the districts around Brugh-righ (Bruree) and Kilmallock, and the plains on the west of the river Maigue as far as the Shannon. Uí Cairbre Aodha is also described in connection with Caonraoi, the barony of Kenry in co. Limerick (H. 1, 18, T.C.D., and O'Brien's Irish Dictionary). O'Hart (Pedigrees) mention O'Clerkin and O'Flannery as chiefs of Dal Cairbre Eva, in the barony of Kenry, county Limerick.
An early ruling sept of Uí Cairbre Eaodhe included Ua Donnubáin (O'Donovan). By the 13th century the O'Donovans were pushed by political pressure into the barony of Carbery into southwestern county Cork. MacLysaght (Irish Pedigrees) also notes the MacEnirys of the Uí Cairbre group, of the same stock as the O'Donovans. Pedigrees in the Book of Munster also gives septs of Uí Chairpri Eabha as O'Caolluighe (O'Kealy, Queally); O'Bruadair (Brouder, Broderick); and O'Cennfhaelaidh (Kenneally). It should be noted that a sept of Ua Cinnfhaelaidh (O'Kinneally) were noted in the Annals as kings of Uí -Conaill Gabhra.an early O'Donnabhain genealogy: (Book of Munster)
Murchadh, son of Amhlaoibh, son of Cathal, son of Donnabhain (a quo O Donnabhain), son of Cathal, son of Uainidhe, son of Cathal, son of Cionnfhaoladh, son of Dubhdaboireann, son of Aodh ruadh, son of Eoghan, son of Cronmhaol, son of Aodh, son of Aonghus, son of Laipe, son of Oilill, son of Cionnfhaola, son of Erc, son of Cairbre eabha (a quo Uí Chairbre Eabha), son of Brian, son of Fiachra Fighgheinte, son of Daire Cearba.an early Uí Fidgeinti genealogy: (Rawlinson)
Máel Ruanaid m. Máel Suthain m. Echthigirn m. Billrin m. Dúbartaich m. Gussáin m. Dúnadaich m. Gillai Fursu m. Conaill m. Cind Fáelad m. Duib Dá Bairenn m. Áeda Róin m. Éoganáin m. Crunnmaíl m. Áedo m. Óengusa (.i. Lappae) m. Ailella Cennfota m. h-Eircc m. Cairpri m. Brioin m. Fiachach Fidgenid m. Maine Munchaín m. Ailella Flaind Bic m. Fiachach Fir Dá Liach m. Éogain Máir m. Ailella Auluimm m. Moga Nuadat m. Moga Néit.
- For 645, Cuan, son of Conall, chief of Uí Fidhgeinte, was slain at the battle of Carn Conaill.
- For 666, The battle of Aine, between the Aradha and Uí Fidhgeinte, where Eoghan, son of Crunnmael, was slain.
- For 699, Conall, son of Doineannaigh, chief of Uí Fidhgeinte, died.
- For 713/15, Aedh Dubh, chief of Uí Fidhgeinte, died.
- For 745/50, Dubh Da Bhoirend, Lord of Uí Fidhgeinte, died.
- For 755/60, Flann, son of Erc, lord of Uí Fidhgeinte, died.
- For 763, A battle between the Úi Fidgennte & Corco Mruadh & Corco Baiscind.
- For 767, Ceinnsalach, lord of Uí Fidhgeinte, died.
- For 781, Scanlann, son of Flann, chief of Uí Fidhgeinte, died.
- For 802/07, Murchadh Ua Flainn, lord of Uí Fidhgeinte, died.
- For 809, Bruadar, lord of Uí Fidhgeinte, died.
- For 833, A battle was gained over the Danes by Dunadhach, son of Scannlan, lord of Uí Fidhgeinte, wherein many were slain.
- For 834, Dunadhach, son of Scannlan, lord of Uí Fidhgeinte, died.
- For 843/45, Niall, son of Ceannfaeladh, lord of Uí Fidhgeinte, died.
- For 852, Crunnmhael, son of Maelduin, lord of Uí Fidhgeinte, died.
- For 858, Aedh Dubh, son of Dubh Dabhoireann, lord of Uí Fidhgeinte, died, after being wounded.
- For 878, Finn, son of Dubhslaine, lord of Uí Fidhgeinte, died.
- For 914, Gebhennach, mac Aodha tighearna Ua Fidhgeinte, was slain by the Norsemen.
- For 974, Dhonnabhan mac Cathail, tigherna Ua Fidhgeinte. (note: the ancestor of O'Donovan)
- For 1013, Coirpre, mac Cleirceinn, tigherna Ua Fidhgheinti, was slain.