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The Síl Ciarain Ua nEchach were located in Airtheraib in Ulster, according to the Book of Lecan and Book of Ballymote.

About the 5th century, a northern tribe moved into East Galway; they were said to be descended from Colla dá Críoch (one of the Three Collas). They occupied an area around Ballinasloe, and Creagh supposedly takes its name from them. One of their chieftains was called Máine Mór, from whom are the descended tribes of Uí Máine, aka Hy Many. Among the Úi Maine dwelt the Sogain, a Cruthin tribe, the Delbna, the Dal naDruithne who are believed to be of the mythic Tuatha Dé Danann Celts, as well as other tribal groupings who came under tribute of the Uí Maine dynasts.

Uí Maine, or Hy Many, was centered in eastern Co. Galway and southern Roscommon. John O'Donovan in his work the Tribes and Customs of Hy Maine states the ancient territory of Úi Maini comprised; in county Roscommon the baronies of Ballymoe, Ballintober South, Athlone and Moycarn; and in county Galway the baronies of Ballymoe, Tiaquin, Killian, Kilconnell, Clonmacnowen, Longford, Leitrim, Loughrea, and parts of Dunkellin and Athenry; and in county Clare, part of Tulla Upper.; and in King's Co. (co. Offaly) the parish of Lusmagh. The Annals of Ireland describes Ath na ríogh, Athenry in co. Galway, as the ford where the territories of Aidne, Uí Maine, and Uí Briúin Seola meet.

An Oriel sept of Ua Ruadhacain (O'Rogan) is cited in (or near) Armagh prior to the 13th century. O'Dugan (Poems) cites Clann-Ruadhagain and the O'Domhnaills, as the two noble tribes of Uí -Eathach in Oirghialla. Following the conquest the descendants of Colla da Crioch mostly remained in their territories, but these were no longer part of a unified Kingdom of Airghialla. From this time on, after the Norman conquest, the term Airghialla was used to describe a much reduced area approximately equal to modern day County Monaghan.

Ui Fiachrach Finn - descended from Fiachra Finn, grandson of Maine Mór (a quo Uí Maine), this tribal name was noted in Moenmoy, county Roscommon (Tribes and Customs of Hy Maine, ed. O'Donovan). O Neachtain (O'Naghten, O'Naughton) and O Maolalaidh (O'Mullally) were noted as chiefs in this region prior to the Anglo-Norman invasion.

Magh Finn-Mac Eochaidh (MacKeogh or Keogh) was a branch of the O'Kelly princes of Hy-Maine, and were cited as chiefs of Omhanach, now "Onagh," in the parish of Taghmaconnell, barony of Athlone, county Roscommon. Other sources note they were lords of Magh Finn and their territory of Moyfinn in the barony of Athlone, Co. Roscommon, was long known as Keogh's Country. In Tribes and Customs of Hy Maine, it notes O'Mailbrigdi was chief of Bredach (Brétach, mBretaigh), alias Mag Finn (Findmag), alias Keogh's country; in the barony of Athlone, co. Roscommon. The same source cites the Clann Eochada of Maige Finn, Keogh's country. O'Donovans Tribes of Uí Fiachrach notes that Mac Eochadha or Mac Keogh were inaugurated at Dún Caillighe Béirre.

For 457, Ard Machab (Armagh) was founded by Saint Patrick, it having been granted to him by Daire, son of Finnchadh, son of Eoghan, son of Niallan.
For 520, Colgu Moo Cluethi, king of Airthir.
For 606, Aedh, son of Colgan, chief of Oirghialla and of all the Airtheara, died.
For 620, Ronan, son of Tuathal, Lord of the Airtheara.
For 625, Rónán son of Tuathal, king of Ind Airthir, died.
For 639, Mael Odhar Cáech, rí Oirther, died.
For 696, Conchobhar Macha son of Maelduin, chief of the Airtheara (Oriors).
For 718, Egnech, son of Colgan, chief of the Airthera (the Oriors).
For 738, Cumascach, son of Conchubhar, Lord of the Airtheara, was slain.
For 748, Congal, son of Eigneach, lord of the Airtheara, was slain.
For 791, Donngal son of Buachaill, king of Int Airthir, died.
For 807, The slaying of Artgal son of Cathasach, king of Uí Chruinn of Airthir.
For 831, Diarmuid, mac Ruadhrach, tigherna Airthir Life, died.
For 861, Aedh, son of Cumasgach, lord of Uí Niallan, died.
For 863, Muiredhach mac Maele Duin ri na n-Airther.
For 864/66, Cearnachan, son of Cumasgach, lord of Rath Airthir.
For 882, Lorcan mac Coscraich, rí Oa Niallan.
For 893, Maelagrai, son of Gairbhith, lord of the Airtheara, was slain.
For 912, Cernachán son of Duiligén, heir designate of Int Airthir, was put to death.
For 933, Céilecán son of Gairbíth, chief of Int Airthir, died.
For 951/53, Ruadacán, mac Eitigén, tighearna Airthir Gaileng.
For 989, Echmílid son of Rónán, king of Int Airthir, was killed.
For 981, Loingsech mac Foghartaich, ri H. Niallan.
For 1077, Ua Célecán, heir designate of Airthir, was killed.
M1155, Magh-Finn was preyed by the men of Teathbha, who plundered some of the Uí -Maine.
MCB1392, Niocól son of Eochaidh Ó Ceallaigh, great dean of Clonfert and head of his own people, i.e. lord of Magh Finn, renowned for hospitality and clerkship, died of the same epidemic.
LC1562, Mac Eochaidh and O'Fallamhain were plundered by Tomaltach, son of Tadhg Mac Diarmada, and by Brian Mac Diarmada.

Síl n-Anmcadha Ó Dúnadhaigh (O'Downey) were chiefs of Síl Anmchada up to the 11th/12th? century, prior to the rise of the Ó Madudháin (O'Madden) sept. The Ua Braonain of Siol Anmchadha, closely related to the O'Maddens were located in the barony of Longford, county Galway. As such they were a branch of the Uí Maine. The eponymous ancestor of the O'Maddens is given as Madúdhan, a chieftain of Síl n-Anmcadha who was slain in 1008.

For 949, Indredh Shíll n-Anmcadha, & orgain Cluana Ferta Brénainn lá Ceallachán & lá Fiora Mumhan. Indreadh Dealbhna Bethra don lucht chédna, & daimh liag Gailinde do lósgadh leo.
For 998/99, Díarmuit mac Dúnadhaigh, rí Síl n-Anmchadha, was slain by Comhaltáin Uí Chléiricch, tigherna Aidhne.
M998, The son of Dunadhach, son of Gadhra, was slain.
For 1006, Cú Connacht, mac Dunadhaigh, taoisech Síl n-Anmchadha, was slain by Murchadh mac Briain.
For 1008, Madúdhan, tigherna Síl n-Anmchadha, was slain by his brother.
For 1021, Cú Caille, mac Marcáin, was slain by the Síol n-Anmchadha.
M1023, The Termon of Cluain-mic-Nois was plundered by Gadhra, son of Dunadhach, and carried off many hundred cows from thence.
For 1027, Gadhra mac Dunadhaigh, ri Síl n-Anmchadha.
M1032, Mac-Connacht, i.e. Ua Dunadhaigh,lord of Sil-Anmchadha, was slain.
M1045, Cuchonnacht, son of Gadhra Ua Dunadhaigh, was there slain.
For 1050, Cluain Maic Nóis do argain fo thri issin aen-raithe, fecht o Síl n-Anmcadha & fo dó h-ó Callraidhi cusna Sinnchuib.
For 1069, Diarmait mac Matadain maic Gadhra h-úi Dunadhaigh, rí Síl n-Anmchadha, do marbadh d' ua Madudháin.
For 1085, Creach-ghabháil la Conmhaicnibh dar Shiol n-Anmchadha, co ro mharbsat an Coningin Find Mac Ualachtáin, & co t-tuccsat tola bó.
For 1096, Matodhan Ua Madodhain, tigherna Síl n-Anmchadha, died.
For 1099, Ruaidrí ua Ruadacán, king of Airthir of Airgialla, and the flower of the kings of Ireland, ended his life in the forty-fifth yeare of his rule.
For 1101, Comrac da ceithernn a Cluain Maic Nois .i. Munter Tadhgan & Mundter Cinaetha, cor' marbad in Gilla Find mac Maic Uallachan and, .i. rí Síl n-Anmchadha, cum aliis.
For 1131, Domhnall Ua Fuircc, tigherna Ua Forcco, do thuitim la Síol n-Anmchadha h-i c-cliathadh.
For 1135, Ua Madadhan, rí Síl n-Anmchadha & h-Úa Maine, was slain by mac Giolla Caoimhghin I Cenneittigh.
For 1158, Cu Choírne h-Ua Madadaín, rí Síl n-Anmchada, died.
For 1159, Murchadh Ua Ruadhacain, king of the Airthir, died.
For 1171, Creach lá Síol n-Anmchadha & lá Muintir Chionaetha i n-Ele, & do-bhertsat bú iomdha.
For 1178, Awley Mac Awley was killed by the Sil-Anmchadha.
For 1181, Aedh Mac Murchadha, royal chief of Muinnter-Birn and the Airthir and the Cantred, was killed by Mac Mathgamna in treachery, at a meeting.
For 1201, Murrough O'Madden, Chief of half Sil-Anmchadh, was wounded in the head by an arrow, and died of the wound.
For 1207, Dermot O'Madden, Lord of Sil-Anmchadha, died.
For 1235, Madden O'Madden, Lord of Sil-Anmchadha, died.