ALMODINGTON is not named in the Domesday Survey but was presumably part of the Bishop of Chichester's manor of Sidlesham and may be represented by the 3 hides held in 1086 by Gilbert. The two estates constituted the abbey's possessions in Sussex at the time of the Domesday Survey, but the church of Poling was probably added shortly after this date, and in 1178 Pope Alexander III confirmed to the nuns of Almenesches all their rights in the churches of Lyminster, Climping, Poling, Ford, and Rustington, as well as in the manors of Climping, Rustington, Ford, Preston, and Poling.

ANKERWICK PARISH Land at PERNEHRS in Egham, described as 'half a hide of land and 5 acres, with appurtenances,' now known as ANKERWICK PARISH, was confirmed to the priory of Ankerwick in Buckinghamshire by Henry III in 1252, when it was stated to have been given to the priory by Hugh, Abbot of Chertsey. he road which comes out of Sussex through Somersbury and Ewhurst (q.v.) would lead here if continued in a nearly straight line. Nevertheless the Roman bridge has disappeared. Egham lay in the confines of the forest of Windsor. The boundary perambulated in 1226 is for some distance the boundary of Berkshire and Surrey, but in its later course, where it runs from Thornhill to Harpesford, and then 'along the water to Inggfield' (Englefield) it followed the stream which runs into Virginia Water.

BAYHAM An Augustinian abbey of Premonstratensian canons was founded, about 1180, at Otham in Hailsham, but subsequently removed to BAYHAM on the borders of Kent and Sussex. The canons had also an abbey at Dureford on the borders of Sussex and Hampshire. The Knights Hospitallers possessed a preceptory at Poling, and succeeded to the greater part of the possessions of the Knights Templars, who had preceptories at Shipley and Saddlescombe. ALMODINGTON is not named in the Domesday Survey but was presumably part of the Bishop of Chichester's manor of Sidlesham and may be represented by the 3 hides held in 1086 by Gilbert. The Black Friars settled at Chichester some time after 1253, for they are not mentioned with the other Sussex friaries in St. Richard's will, and before 1283. Of the many hospitals in this county the most important was that of St. Mary at Chichester, which still flourishes. In each of the Cinque Ports members, Hastings, Rye, Winchelsea, and Pevensey, there were hospitals under control of the town officers, serving the purpose of almshouses, and this was possibly also the case at Seaford and Shoreham.

BEOMOND had for a short time a separate history from Chertsey. In 1306 Walter of Gloucester and Hawisia his wife were holding the manor of Beomond or Bemond in Chertsey. In 1311–12 Walter died seised of this land held of the abbey of Chertsey. In 1320 Walter his son conveyed land in Chertsey to Master John Walewayn, in trust for the abbey, and Hawisia granted to John Rutherwyk, Abbot of Chertsey, tenements and lands 'formerly called Gloucester, now known as le Bemond,' which had previously been two holdings belonging to John de Chertsey and William Scot respectively. In a cartulary of Chertsey Abbey, of the time of Edward III, mention is made of a holding called 'Gloucester,' apparently a sub-manor of Chertsey, and held with the latter. The name of Gloucester gave way to that of Bemond. The manor of Bemond appears to have been united with that of Chertsey soon afterwards, the two being henceforth known as the manor of Chertsey or Chertsey-Beomond.

BRADSHAW HALL The various members of John Bradshaw were holding the Halls of Barcroft, Marple, and Wybersley, in Cheshire; Haigh, Halton, Pennington, D'Arcey Lever, Haslington, and Worsley, in Lancashire; Eyam, Windley, Holbrook, Barton, and Abney Manor House, in Derbyshire; Kington, Magna, and Marnhall, in Dorset; besides others in the counties of Warwick, Gloucester, and Kent.

BROMLEY & STEPNEY covered almost all the area between the suburbs of the City of London and the river Lea, the eastern boundary of Middlesex, until the early 14th century when the first of several daughter parishes was created. vill included Hackney, and probably at one time also Bromley, a parish created from an estate in 'Stepney' claimed unsuccessfully by the bishop in 1086. Stepney's boundaries were first delineated in 1703: to the south was the Thames, to the east Bromley and, across the Lea, West Ham (Essex), to the north Hackney, and to the north-west Shoreditch. Deposits since Roman times have added to the Neolithic alluvium along the Thames, where much of the land may have been submerged at high tide as late as the 2nd century A.D.Walmarsh or Wapping marsh, in St. George-in-the-East and Whitechapel, and Stepney marsh or Poplar marsh, in the Isle of Dogs. Flooding in Stepney or Poplar marsh hastened the transition from arable to pasture in the 15th century and saw the abandonment of a settlement at the south end of the Isle of Dogs.

BROOMHALL Among the possessions of the priory of Broomhall in Berkshire when it became escheat to the Crown in 1522 were certain tenements in Egham and Thorpe, including 32 acres of meadow in Egham, of which the priory had apparently been seised for some time. The name Broomehall in Egham is as old as the perambulation of the forest boundaries in 1226. In October 1522 the king granted the site and possessions of the late priory to the Master and Fellows of St. John's College, Cambridge. A survey of Egham Manor in 1622 includes land called Broomhall Piece, the property of St. John's, and in the tenure of William Minterne. The college still holds the manor of Broomhall, in Egham. Among the possessions of the priory of Broomhall in Berkshire when it became escheat to the Crown in 1522 were certain tenements in Egham and Thorpe, including 32 acres of meadow in Egham, of which the priory had apparently been seised for some time.

CALCOTTS was a capital mansion belonging to the collegiate church of Lingfield and at the Dissolution was worth £3 6s. 8d a year. On the surrender of its master, Edward Colepeper, LL.D., in 1544, the college and its possessions were granted by the king to Thomas Cawarden, a gentleman of the Privy Chamber, who thus became possessed of Calcotts. The latter died on 20 April 1566 and was succeeded by his son Thomas Sackville Lord Buckhurst. With the rest of the Gresham property, Calcotts passed to the Leveson-Gower family.

CHERSEY & CHOBHAM The Benedictine Abbey of St. Peter of Chertsey, Surrey was founded in the yeare A.D. 666 by Erkenwald, afterwards Bishop of London, who became its first abbot, the new foundation being endowed with lands by the munificence of Frithwald, Subregulus of Surrey, under Ulfar, King of the Mercians, who in subsequent accounts is associated with Erkenwald as co-founder. From the yeare 850, and onwards through the ninth century, the monastery shared the perils of the country threatened by the incursions of the Danes and in particular the counties of Kent, Surrey and Sussex, the fruitless efforts of the kings, the death of King Ethelbert 'broken with many labours,' and culminates in the account of the attack on the monastery itself, the slaughter of Beocca the abbot, Ethor the priest, and ninety monks, their home burnt down, and their lands wasted.

CHERSEY & THE THAMES Chertsey is a market town on the Thames 9 miles from Windsor and about the same from Kingston. The parish is bounded on the north-west by Egham and Thorpe, on the north-east by the Thames between it and Middlesex, on the south-east by Weybridge, Byfleet, and Pyrford, on the south-west by Horsell and Chobham. It measures about 4 miles each way, being roughly quadrilateral. The north-eastern and eastern parts are on the gravel, sand and alluvium of the Thames Valley and of the Wey Valley. The old course of the Wey forms part of the eastern boundary, and the actual confluence of the Wey and the Thames is in Chertsey parish, not Weybridge. The Bourne Brook and the stream from Virginia Water which joins it flow through the parish to the Thames.

CHERTSEY BEOMOND was included in the original endowment made to the Abbey of St. Peter, Chertsey, by Frithwald, subregulus of Surrey, between the years 666 and 675. The name appears in the charter as 'Cirotisege' or 'Cerotesege'—that is, the island of Cirotis. The boundaries included the lands of Chertsey and Thorpe, and were as follows:—first from the mouth of the Wey along the Wey to Weybridge, thence within the old mill-stream midward of the stream to the old Herestraet (military way), along this to Woburn Bridge and along the stream to the great willow and to the pool above Crockford, from there to an alder tree, thence to the 'wertwallen,' to the Herestraet and along to the ' Curtenstapele,' from there along the street to the Horethorn, thence to the eccan trene (oak tree), to the three barrows, from the three barrows to 'sihtran,' to Merchebrook, to a torrent called Exlaepe, to the old maple tree, to the three other trees, along Depebrok straight to 'Wealegate.'

CHESHIRE borders the ceremonial counties of Merseyside, Greater Manchester, Derbyshire, Staffordshire (with Stoke-on-Trent), and Shropshire. It also borders the unitary authorities of Flintshire and Wrexham in Wales. Cheshire in the Domesday Book was recorded as a much larger county than it is today. Its northern border was the River Ribble, and it was recorded with eighteenehundreds, six of which were north of the River Mersey. In 1182 the land north of the Mersey became administered as part of the new county of Lancashire instead. Later, the hundreds of Atiscross and Exestan became part of Wales. Over the years the ten hundreds consolidated to just seven — Broxton, Bucklow, Eddisbury, Macclesfield, Nantwich, Northwich, and Wirral.

CHESTER was probably part of Powys during the Anglo-Saxons era when Chester was called Chester Ceaster or Legeceaster. Æthelfrith's victory at Chester may have resulted in the separation of the British between those in Wales and those to the north from the kingdom of Powys. Bede tells of Æthelfrith's gain of Deira and its family line then to the kingdom of Gwynedd. According to the Venerable Bede, Roman Leicester may have been the site of several early Christian Martyrdoms in Britain, at the same time as that of St. Alban the first English martyr, who was killed in the Roman city of Verulamium (beside modern-day St. Albans.)

CHOBHAM is a village 3½ miles north-west of Woking Junction, 6 miles south-west of Chertsey. The parish is bounded on the north-east by Egham and Chertsey, on the south by Horsell, Bisley, and Pirbright, on the west by Ash, on the north-west by Windlesham. It is traversed by the Bourne Brook and its tributaries which flow from the Chobham Ridges to the Thames near Weybridge, and the village and to the Thames near Weybridge, and the village and hamlets are chiefly on the gravel and alluvium of the stream beds, but the rest of the parish is on the Bagshot Sands, with extensive peat beds. CHOBHAM was granted to Chertsey Monastery by Frithwald, subregulus of Surrey and founder of the abbey, before 675. ADEN is a house and small estate in CHOBHAM, sometimes called a manor in title-deeds. A John Ardern held land in Chobham in 1331.

CIRCENSTER In the reign of Edward the Confessor there was a collegiate church of secular canons at Cirencester. One manuscript somewhere declared the minster was founded by Alwyn, a Saxon thane, in the reign of King Egbert. In the middle of the thirteenth century the tradition of the monastery was that it had been founded for three hundred years. The truth seems to be that Abbot William Hereward converted the leper hospital into an almshouse for women, but the complaints of the townsmen were of no avail. In 1343 Edward III confirmed the hospital to the abbot and convent. Abbot Hereward died soon after the revision of Circenster and his successor, Ralph of Estcote, was elected in May, 1352. Yet in 1389 the abbots of Lanthony Secunda and Oseney received a special commission from the general chapter of Augustinian canons to visit the monastery of Cirencester on account of disorders therein. Richard II issued a commission to the keepers of the peace in Gloucestershire upon information that divers of the king's lieges of Cirencester had assembled and gone to the abbey. The sheriff held an inquisition at Gloucester in 1403, and twelve knights of the county set forth the abbot's franchises.

CIRCENSTER & PUXLEY Most of Passenham formed a large royal manor in 1086, which included some land at Puxley, on the edge of Whittlewood, where there was a second estate held by the bishop of Bayeux. Henry I was a great benefactor of the Order of Augustinian canons, which was first established in England in 1108. At Cirencester, as in a number of other minsters, they were introduced in place of the secular canons. In 1117 Henry I began to build a new church and monastery at Cirencester. The endowment included two hides in Cirencester, a third part of the toll from the Sunday market, two-thirds of the tithe of the royal demesne of Cirencester. Although there is no reference to a church in Passenham in Domesday Book, the royal estate there had soke over part of Cosgrove from the dedication to the 8th-century Mercian saint Guthlác, suggest that the church at Passenham had once been the centre of a larger Anglo-Saxon parochia. The advowson was reunited with the lordship of the manor, then parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster, following the suppression of Cirencester abbey. Cirencester was subject to the visitation of the bishops of Worcester.

CLELEY HUNDRED occupies some 25,000 acres (about 40 square miles) in the extreme south of Northamptonshire. The meeting place for Cleley hundred has long been identified as a well in the parish of Potterspury, near the boundary with Furtho, at which several footpaths meet, whose name in modern times has become misspelt as 'Cheley'. It lies within the manor held by Henry de Ferrers in 1086, which may support the idea that he also held the hundred. In the later Middle Ages the hundred court was held at the Woodvilles' manor of Grafton. In 1301 50 households in the vill of Passenham (which must include Deanshanger, Puxley and Old Stratford) were assessed to the lay subsidy.

THE COLNE VALLEY crosses the Pennines in West Yorkshire an unbroken range stretching from the Peak District in the Midlands, through the Yorkshire Dales and West Pennine Moors of Lancashire and Cumbrian Fells to the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish border. It takes its name from the River Colne which flows along the floor of the valley through the villages of Marsden, Slaithwaite, Linthwaite and Golcar. The River Colne and the Huddersfield Narrow Canal provided early transport links which were soon added to by road and railway links to Huddersfield and Leeds to the East and Manchester and Liverpool to the West.

COSGROVE & FURTHO In the early 15th century William Furtho (d. 1457) appears to have been the first of the family to make larger additions to the estate, notably the lands of Henry Wikemill in 1435-9, which included the manor of Yardley Gobion, and an estate in Cosgrove bought from John Knight in 1446-8. The Quarry Field land lay partly in Furtho and partly in Cosgrove; the rest was entirely in Cosgrove. In 1505 the demesne of the manor had 300 a. of arable and 100 a. of pasture, some of which lay in Old Stratford.

CRANBROOK DEANERY is part of the Diocese of Canterbury and is situated in the Weald of Kent - the Garden of England. The Deanery comprises the parishes of:- Cranbrook, Goudhurst with Kilndown, Hawkhurst, Headcorn, Marden, Sissinghurst with Frittenden, Staplehurst. The Village of Dunkirk can be found half way between Canterbury and Faversham. ranbrook is an old town which sprang into prominence in the 15th century when it became the center of the weaving industry, anciently called Crane-broke, derives its name from its situation upon a brook called the Crane.

CROMER is a seaside town and civil parish on the north coast of the English county of Norfolk, 40 km due north of the city of Norwich. The Romans had in Norwich, their regional capital at Venta Icenorum on the river to the south which is now at modern day Caistor St Edmund. The name Cromer possibly dates back to the 9th century at the time of the Danish conquest in the form of Kroemmer and covers East Anglia. It is reasonable to assume that the present site of Cromer, round the parish church of St Peter and St Paul, is what was then Shipden-juxta-Felbrigg. The other Shipden is now about four hundred metres to the north-east of the end of Cromer pier, under the sea.

1, 2, 3