SHROPSHIRE or Salop, an inland county of the West of England, is bounded on the NW by Denbighshire, on the N by Flintshire and Cheshire, on the E by Staffordshire, on the S by Worcestershire, Herefordshire, and Radnorshire, and on the W by Montgomeryshire and Denbighshire. Its outline has numerous irregularities, but is not far from being oblong. Its boundaries are chiefly artificial. Its greatest length from N to S is 48 miles; its greatest breadth is 41 miles; its circuit is about 220 miles, and its area is 859,516 acres. Its surface has been described as "possessing every variety of natural charm, the bold and lofty mountain, the woody and secluded valley, the fertile and widely-cultured plain, the majestic river, and the sequestered lake." The N and NE half for the most part is a plain, agreeably diversified by wooded vales and a few isolated hills, while the other half, especially toward the W, assumes a resemblance to the mountainous character of Denbighshire and Montgomeryshire. The chief heights are the Wrekin, near Wellington, 1320 feet high; the Clee Hills in the SE, 1805 feet high; and the Long Mynd in the SW, 1674 feet high. The chief rivers are the Severn, bisecting the county nearly through the middle; the Vyrnwy, running on part of the western boundary to the Severn; the Tern and the Worf, running to the Severn respectively near Atcham and Bridgnorth; the Teme, running along much of the S boundary, and receiving the Clun, the Onny, and the Corve from the interior; and the Dee, running along a small part of the North West boundary. The chief lakes are Ellesmere, Whitemere, Colemere, Avesmere, and Mereton Mere. Trias rocks of various kinds prevail in the North, permian and lias rocks occupy small tracts in the North, carboniferous rocks occur in the East, Silurian and Devonian rocks prevail throughout the South, and eruptive rocks occur in some of the hills.

Coal is worked chiefly in the Coalbrookdale coalfield, lying between Much Wenlock, Wellington, Lilleshall, and Shifnal, but the product has greatly diminished of recent years and shows signs of exhaustion. The Forest of Wyre, the Leebotwood, the Shrewsbury, and the Clee Hills coalfields are unproductive. Ironstone is raised chiefly in the Coalbrookdale coalfield, and is used in the ironworks of the district. Lead is found in the western portion of the county, the most prolific mine being the Snailbeach, near Minsterley. Lead-mining was probably carried on here by the Romans. Copper is worked to a slight extent near Grimshill. Limestone of quality resembling marble, is quarried near Oswestry, Ludlow, and Orton; slate at Selattyn, Purslow, and Clun; and good building-stone at Grimshill and other places. The soils are prevailingly light and sandy in the North, and loamy or clayey in the middle, and generally are fertile. The chief crops are wheat, barley, pease, turnips, and grasses, and subordinate crops in some places are oats and hops. The meadows near the Severn are very fertile. Excellent dairies are in the parts nearest the great towns of Staffordshire, but the dairies in other parts are inconsiderable. The cattle reared for the market are of the improved Leicester, Lancaster, and Cheshire breeds, and those on the dairy-lands are of mixed breeds. The sheep are generally of no particular breed, yet include a peculiar horned kind similar to the Southdown. Horses of good quality are bred. Large hogs are fattened, and turkeys are bred. Many fine orchards are in numerous parts, particularly in the South, and plantations of oak, ash, and beech are aggregately considerable. Estates and farms in general are well divided, but some are very small.

The territory now forming Shropshire was inhabited by the ancient British Cornavii and Ordovices; was partitioned by the Romans into part of their Flavia Cæsariensis and part of their Britannia Secunda; became part of Powisland, and afterwards part of Mercia; was nearly all given by William the Conqueror to Roger de Montgomery; was the scene of many struggles between the Normans and the Welsh till the time of Edward I.; and thenceforth witnessed only such important public events as are noticed in our articles on Shrewsbury, Ludlow, and other principal places. The Roman Watling Street enters from Staffordshire at Weston Park, goes westward to Wroxeter, sonth-west-by-southward thence to Church-Stretton, and south-by-westward thence into Herefordshire near Leintwardine. Roman stations were at Uxacona or Oakengates, Uriconium or Wroxeter, and Rutunium or Buyton; and ancient camps were at the Walls, Bury-Ditches, Bury Walls, Borough Hill, Brocards Castle, and Bucknell. Offa's Dyke and Wat's Dyke run along much of the West border. Old castles are at Shrewsbury, Bridgnorth, Ludlow, Hopton, Stoke, Clun, Oswestry, Cawse, Whittmgton, Knockin, Red Castle, and Acton-Burnell. Old abbeys or their remains are at Shrewsbury, Hanghmond, Buildwas, Wenlock, and Lilleshall; old priories at Bromfield and Whiteladies; and old churches at Chirbury and Tonge.

Shropshire contains 250 entire civil parishes and parts of 5 others, and 261 entire ecclesiastical parishes and parts of 24 others. It is divided into the boroughs of Bishops Castle, Bridgnorth, Ludlow, Oswestry, Shrewsbury, and Much Wenlock, and the hundreds of Albrighton, North Bradford, South Bradford, Brimstree, Chirbury, Clun, Condover, Ford, Munslow, Oswestry, Overs, Pimhill, Purslow, and Stottesden. It has one court of quarter sessions and 19 petty sessional divisions. The boroughs of Bridgnorth, Ludlow, Oswestry, Shrewsbury, and Much Wenlock have separate commissions of the peace and separate courts of quarter sessions. The chief towns are the six boroughs, and Broseley, Church Stretton, Cleobury Mortimer, Dawley-Magna, Ellesmere, Ironbridge, Market-Drayton, Newport, Shifnal, Wellington, Wem, Whitchurch, and Wombridge, and there are about 740 smaller towns, villages, and hamlets. The chief seats are Walcot, Lilleshall, Weston, Pitchford, Hawkstone, Attingham, Burwarton, Shavington, Willey, Acton-Bumell, Aldenham, Downton, Hardwick, Loton, Mawley, Oakley, Ruyton, Stanley, Acton-Scott, Acton-Reynald, Adderley, Apley Park, Apley Castle, Aston, Badger Hall, Berwick, Buntingsdale, Buildwas, Court of Hill, Chetwynd, Cloverley, Condover, Decker, Downton. Castle, Dudmaston, Gatacre, Halston, Hatton, Hodnet, Kilhendre, Kinlet, Linley, Longford, Longner, Lutwych Hall, Marrington, Nursery, Oakley Park, Oteley, Onslow, Orleton, Overton, Pentrepant, Petton, Plas Yolyn, Porkington, Rowton, Rudge, Sandford, Shipton, Sundorne, Tedsmore, Tonge, Walford, Willey Park, and Woodcote.