The territory now forming KENT was inhabited by the ancient British Cantii. The Romans landed in ROMEY MARSH, under Cæsar, in the years 55 and 54 BC, under Claudius, in the yeare 42 AD.; and they included it in their BRITANNIA PRIMA. The " remote Britain'' was then united with the great Roman world, and put under preparation for great subsequent changes. No events of historical note occurred in Kent during the Roman rule; yet the coasts and strongholds under Carausius in the years 287-293, were more frequented and valued by the Romans than any others in Britain. Facilities of all kinds can be found on the wide seawall, which may have been built by the Romans incidently, on the embankment, relics of the Mediæval and the Saxon times were obtained; and below these, great quantities of Roman pottery; and under these, bones of the whale and the mammoth. The Saxons, under Hengist and Horsa, landed at Ebbsfleet in 449; and they swept away from Kent a tendency to return to the ancient British state of things after the retiring of the Romans, and established a regime of their own. They called the territory CANTUGAR-LANDT, signi fying " the country of the people inhabiting CANTIUM; ' and they made it the first of the kingdoms of the Saxon heptarchy. Called the kingdom of Kent, originally included London and part of Surrey; and it was the scene, in 597, of the landing of Augustine, and thence of those labours and measures of his which, together with their results, gave rise to the entire English constitution of church and state.

The territory now forming Sussex was inhabited by the ancient British Regni; was included by the Romans in their Britannia Prima; was overrun, in 477-50, by Ella the Saxon; became then the kingdom of SUDSEXE or the South Saxons; was united, about 728 to Wessex; suffered much devastation at different times by the Danes, and in 1051 by Earl Godwin; was the scene of the landing, and of the decisive victory, of William the Conqueror; was divided by William among several of his chief followers, including the Earl of Mortaigne and W-de Warenne; became the scene at Lewes, of the great battle between Henry III. and his barons. Ancient British entrenchments, and many barrows, are on the South Downs. A chain of camps, some of them Roman, occurs on such of these hills as command both the sea-board and the Weald. Roman stations were at Bignor, Chichester, Midhurst, Lewes, Pevensey, Aldington, and Amberley. Roman roads connected the stations, and went toward the N.

East Sussex is part of the ancient kingdom of the South Saxons, who established themselves here in the 5th Century AD, after the departure of the Romans. The six districts are and were Hastings, Rother, Wealden, Eastbourne, Lewes, Brighton & Hove. Inland, the southern part of the county is dominated by the South Downs, and the northern part is dominated by the High Weald. Between the Downs and Weald is a narrow stretch of lower lying land, before the southern slopes of the Weald, through which the rivers flow. On the coast, From west to east along the coast between Brighton and Eastbourne are the gradually rising chalk uplands, with breaks at Newhaven where the River Ouse enters the sea; and likewise at Cuckmere Haven. The cliffs beyond here are named the Seven Sisters, Sussex. On the far side of the River Rother is Camber Sands. As a geographical term, the Weald is a region in the South of England situated between the chalk hills of the North Downs and South Downs, that extends across the counties of Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex and Surrey. It has also been known as the Forest of Andred or Andredswald because in the early Middle Ages it was known to stretch from Andred or Anderida in East Sussex to Dorset, seventy miles long and thirty miles wide. It was first built as Anderida or Caer Andred, a Saxon Shore Fort between 300 and 340 by the Romans during a time when Britain was still part of the Roman Empire. At this time the south and east of the province Britannia were under constant attack from marauding barbarian tribes, namely the Jutes and Saxons. The fort was built on what was then an uninhabited peninsula of land rising above the coastal marshes. Coit Andred was known by boat for Armorica in northern Gaul. In their place King Aelle established the Kingdom of the South Saxons from which we get the modern name Sussex. The site lay abandoned for 600 years after 491 and was for a while known by the Saxons as Andredceaster, with the Weald of southern England from Anderida to Dorset named Andredsweald or the Forest of Andred.

Hengist ruled it till 488; Eske or Aesc, till 512; Octa, till 534; Ymbrick or Ermeric, till 568; Ethelbert, the first Christian king, till 616; Edbald, till 640; Ercombert, till 664; Egbert or Ecgbryht, till 673; Lothaíre or Hlothere, till 684; Edrick or Eadric, till 690; Withdred or Wihtred, and another, till about 725; Eadbert, Edelbert and Alric, irregularly till 794; Ethelbert-Pren, of Wessex, till 799; Cudred or Cuthred, of Mercia, till 805; and Baldred, till 823. Egbert, king of Wessex, eventually drove Baldred from the throne, absorbed his kingdom into a monarchy of all Britain, and made Kent a mere earldom. Ealhere became Earl in 852; Coelmere, in 897; others, at subsequent periods; and the great Godwin, in the early part of the 11th century.

DYMCHURCH is a small village located on the south east coast of Kent at the very edge of the Romney Marshes. The surface is all on the level of Romney-Marsh; and, together with the rest of that low tract, is protected from sea-inundation only by means of Dymchurch wall, an embankment about 3 miles long, about 20 feet high, and from 15 to 30 feet wide, with three sluice-gates for drainage, nearby FOLKESTONE, Dover or the City of Canterbury. Dymchurch lies on the road from Hastings to Folkestone between the Hythe and St. Marys Bay. The wall sea defences were built by the Romans to protect their harbour at Port Lympne for four miles The effect of this wall together with the Rhee Wall they erected between New Romney and Appledore ensured that the rich alluvial land deposited by the river Limen (Rother) initially used as salt pans, slowly through time became rich and fertile farmland.

Saxon architecture from Sussex has left vestiges at Worth, Jevington, Sompting, and Bosham. Early military architecture, from Norman to Edwardian, has left specimens in 7 places. Monastic architectural remains are in 7 places; Norman churches, or portions of them, in 7; transition Norman, in 9; early English, in 10; geometric decorated, in 6; curvilinear decorated, in 3; and later English, in 4...Sussex, maritime co. in SE. of England, bounded N. and NE. by Surrey and Kent, SE. and S. by the English Channel, and W. and NW. by Hants. The rivers are not important; they are the Arun, Adur, Ouse, and Rother, all flowing S. to the English Channel.

HYTHE town and parish is a sub-district and a hundred in Kent now west and south of Folkestone with Shepway as a part of the South East. The original town was known to the Romans, but has disappeared beneath the waves; and even the succeeding town dates from remote times, but suffered such ravages by the Danes and the French, and has, at different times. Hythe was given, in 1036, to the Archbishops of Canterbury, whose seate was in the neighbonrhood, at Saltwood Castle; and it seems to have acquired additional importance from the Archbishops. It is said by Leland to have had, at one time, four parish churches and a fine abbey. It suffered much damage, in the time of Henry IV., by a fire; and was afterwards desolated by the plague. The two hospitals are St. Bartholomew s and St. John's, -the former founded in 1336 by Bishop Hamo of Rochester, -the latter of unknown but early foundation.

FOLKESTONE name was written Folcestane by the Saxons, and Fulchestan in Domesday book; and has been regarded as a corruption of variously Fulke's town, signifying "the town of Fulke, " Folk's - stane, signifying "the fairies' rock, " and Flosstane, signifying "the break in the rock. " A ridge of cliffs, overhanging a coast-road, extends, on the one hand, to Sandgate; another ridge of cliffs extends, on the other hand, all the way to Dover; and these cliffs, besides affording very fine seaviews, command, in clear weather, a distinct prospect of the French coast. Its site is a congeries of cliffs and hillocks, such as to have induced Thomas Ingoldsby to say, -"Rome stood on seven hills; Folkestone seems to have been built on seventy." Folkestone the town, at Domesday, had five churches, and was an honour held by Nigel de Mundeville; but, in spite of its continuing to possess the attraction of Eanswith's priory, it appears to have declined; and, after the Reformation, it sank into obscurity till toward the end of last century, when it came into notice as a fishing town. The manor went from Nigel de Mundeville to the Avranches; passed to the Crevecœurs, the Clintons, and others belongs now to the Earl of Radnor. The parish includes also part of the village of Sandgate. The hundred excludes Folkestone borough; contains six parishes, and parts of three others; and is in the lathe of Shepway.

Welsh place names as surnames near the Radnor Forest in Mid Wales		The old town of Caerleon (or Caerleon on Usk - i.e. on the banks of the River Usk in south Wales) has long been associated with the story of King Arthur. Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote his History of the Kings of Britain around 1140 and this became one of the most important books of the middle ages. The book, supposed to have been based on an earlier history, is the main source of all the later Arthurian legends. King Arthur ranges far and wide over Britain but for several years he is supposed to have held court at Caerleon.
Barry - Barry in Glamorgan Carlyon or Karlyon - Caerleon in Monmouthshire (Gwent) Cogan - Cogan in Glamorgan Carew - Caeriw (Carew) in Pembrokeshire Gwinnutt, Gwinnett - Gwynedd in North Wales Kemeys, Kemys - Cemais (Kemeys) in Monmouthshire Mostyn - Mostyn in Flintshire Nash - Nash in Pembrokeshire Powis - Powys, Mid Wales Stackpoole - Stackpool in Pembrokeshire Trevor - Trefor in Denbighshire

 

DYMCHURCH, a parish in Romney-Marsh district, Kent; on the coast, 4 miles northeast of New Romney, and 5¼ SSW of Westenhanger and Hythe station to as far as Dungeness and east as far as the Cinque Port town of Hythe. The Danes invaded Dymchurch in 832; they variously invaded, overran, and mastered it at subsequent periods in the same century and the fo1lowing one; the Saxons re-acquired power over it on the death of Hardicanute; and the house of Godwin flourished greatly in it till the Norman conquest. An ancient parish was a village or group of villages or hamlets and the adjacent lands. Originally they held ecclesiastical functions, but from the sixteenth century onwards they also acquired civil roles. The earldom, like the previons kingdom, was of varying character, and underwent great changes with changing events.

Edmund Grey, Lord Hastings, was then made Earl of Kent; and his descendants enjoyed the earldom till the time of Queen Anne; and then the 13th Earl was created Duke of Kent, but was the last of his line to enjoy the titles. Edward, fourth son of George III., and father of Queen Victoria, was created Duke of Kent. Wat Tyler's rebellion began at Dartford, in 1381; Jack Cade's insurrection began at Blackheath, in 1450; the wars of the Roses made some figure in Kent; the rebellion, headed by Sir Thomas Wyatt, in the time of Mary, took place here; and a victory by Fairfax, in 1648, was obtained at Maidstone.