A Hero (or Civic) generation is born during an Unraveling,
spends its rising adult years during a Crisis, spends midlife during a High, and
spends old age in an Awakening. Heroic leaders have been vigorous and rational
institution-builders, busy and competent in old age. All of them entering midlife
were aggressive advocates of technological progress, economic prosperity, social
harmony, and public optimism. The hero is valid as an ideal or once embattled
such as the Battle of Marathon- the matter and substance of idea live after history
such as a person performing an extraordinary and praiseworthy deed.
Saeculum
|
Birth Years
| Generation
| Type
|
Late Medieval Saeculum
| 1433-1460
| Arthurian
|
Hero |
Reformation Saeculum
| 1541-1565
|
Elizabethan
| Hero |
New World Saeculum
| 1648-1673
|
Glorious
| Hero |
Revolutionary Saeculum
| 1742-1766
| Republican
|
Hero |
| | | |
Great Power Saeculum
|
1901-1924
| G.I
|
Hero |
Millennial Saeculum
| 1977-1993
|
Millennial Generation (2)
| Hero |
31 05 1433 Joan of Arc has a hot time at the stake..
24 11 1434 The River Thames freezes over
1438 Inca rule begins in Peru
1441 Portugese sailors enter slave trade with African Negroes at Cape Blanc
01 01 1449 Lorenzo de Medici, Florentine ruler was born
26 09 1449 two dragons
are said to have fought at "Sharpfight Meadow" at Little Conrad in Suffolk
09 02 1450 Agnes Sorel, mistress of Charles VII of France, died
27 06 1450
Jack Cade defeats Stafford at Sevenoaks
1451 Birth of Cristoforo Columbo;
died 1506
30 10 1451 Christopher Columbus, Italian navigator, was born
15 04 1452 Leonardo da Vinci, Florentine artist, engineer, musician and scientist,
was born (Julian Calendar)
02 10 1452 Richard III was born in Fotheringhay
Castle in Northamptonshire
29 05 1453 Constantinople falls to the Turks (some
believe this signalled the end of the Middle Ages)
1454 Birth of Amerigo Vespucci;
died 1512
14 08 1457 The first book ever published was printed, The Book of
Psalms, published by Faust
1541 Hernando de Soto explores
Mississipi River valley and Gulf Coast
12 02 1541 Santiago, Chile founded
08 05 1541 Hernando de Soto discovers the Mississippi River near Memphis
26 06 1541 Francisco Pizarro, the Spanish conqueror, died in Lima Peru
24 09 1541 Paracelsus, the alchemist and physician, died in Salzburg, Austria
1542 Juan Rodriguez Cabrilho explores in area of San Diego for Spain
12 02 1542 Catherine Howard the fifth wife of Henry VIII was beheaded
28 09
1542 Portuguese navigator Juan Rodriguez Cabrilo sails into the bay on which San
diego is now located
24 05 1543 Nicolas Copernicus, the astronomer, died
12 07 1543 Henry VIII marries Catharine Parr (his 6th & last wife)
07 10 1543 the German painter Hans Holbein was born
1544 Sebastian Cabot
publishes map of the world with remarkable detail
18 02 1546 Martin Luther,
leader of the Protestant Reformation in Germany, died
16 01 1547 Ivan the
Terrible was crowned czar of Russia
10 10 1547 Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra,
Spanish author of Don Quixote, was born
02 12 1547 Hernando Cortez, the conqueror
of Mexico, died
15 08 1548 Mary Queen of Scots was married to the Dauphin.
She was 6 years old
07 09 1548 Catherine Parr, widow of Henry VIII, died
02 12 1552 St. Francis Xavier, founder of the Jesuits, died
10 07 1553 Lady
Jane Grey takes the throne after Edward VI's death according to a paper he signed
before his death
19 07 1553 Lady Jane Grey's reign ends as support was thrown
to Mary
14 12 1553 Tycho Brahe, the astronomer, was born
12 02 1554
Lady Jane Grey was Queen of England for nine days. She and her husband were executed
on this day
25 07 1554 Queen Mary of England marries King Philip of Spain
03 08 1554 The earliest known letter to have been sealed with sealing wax was
written on this day
1555 First tobacco taken from America to Spain
1555
Rio de Janeiro colony established by the French
24 01 1556 Earthquake kills
890,000 people in China
31 07 1556 Ignatius Loyola, Jesuit founder, died
27 02 1557 The first Russian embassy to Britain
10 08 1557 The Spanish
and the English defeat the French at St. Quentin
1558 Reign of Elizabeth
I begins; ends in
1603 17 11 1558 "Bloody" Mary Tudor, Queen of England died
17 11 1558 Accession of Queen Elizabeth I of England
17 11 1558 Church
of England was reestablished
1559 Spanish tried to found Pensacola
1562
French establish trading post in South Carolina, erect monument in FL
1562
John Hawkins begins slave trade between Guinea and West Indies
1564 French
Huguenots try to start colony at Jacksonville; are killed by Spain
1564 French
found Fort Caroline, FL. First European colony on the mainland
15 02 1564
Galileo Galilei born (Pisa, Italy)
18 02 1564 Michelangelo Buonarroti, sculptor,
architect and painter, born in Caprese, Italy
1565 Spanish attack Fort Caroline,
and find St. Augustine in the process
27 04 1565 1st Spanish settlement in
Phillipines, Cebu City, founded
08 09 1565 1st permanent settlement in US
founded at St Augustine, Florida
1648 Iroquois defeat the Hurons, drive them into Canada, north of the Lakes
18 10 1648 Boston Shoemakers form first American labor organization
24 10 1648 end of Thirty Years War
1649 Charles I executed; Oliver Cromwell
establishes Commonwealth
1649 First Assembly in Maryland. Enacts Toleration
Act, freeing religion
29 01 1649 death warrant for Charles I was issued
02 02 1650 Nell Gwynn, actress and mistress of King Charles II, was born
11 02 1650 Rene Descartes the French philosopher died
04 11 1650 King William
III of Orange born
1651 Navigation Acts require English ships and crews for
all imports
21 06 1652 Inigo Jones, architect, landscape designer and antiquary,
died in Somerset House, London
1653 Iroquois defeat the Erie Nation, extend
influence into o-he-you. (Ohio)
25 03 1655 Christiaan Huygens discovers Titan
04 05 1655 Bartolommeo Cristofori, inventor of pianoforte, was born
13 08 1655 Johann Christoph Denner, invented the clarinet
1656 New Netherland
Council passes ordinance restricting religion
21 03 1656 James Usher, Archbishop
of Armagh, scholar, died at Reigate, Surrey
27 04 1656 Jan van Goyen, Dutch
landscape painter, died
29 10 1656 Edmund Halley born
08 11 1656 Edmond
Halley, astronomer, 1st to calculate a comet's orbit
1657 John Washington
jumps ship in Virginia, buys land
1657 Rhode Island Assembly adopts freedom
of religion; it doesn't last
03 06 1657 William Harvey, discoverer of blood
circulation, died
1658 Birth of Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac; he
died in 1730
05 03 1658 Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, soldier, founder of
Detroit and governor of Louisiana, was born in France
03 09 1658 Oliver Cromwell,
the British "politician" and destroyer of English heritage died
01 01 1660
Samuel Pepys begins his diary
25 04 1660 a Convention Parliament meets and
votes restoration of Charles II
21 08 1660 Hubert Gautier, engineer, wrote
1st book on bridge building
1661 William Penn deceives Delaware Indians,
effectively steals Pennsylvania
19 08 1662 Blaise Pascal, the mathematician
and philosopher, died
1663 John Eliot translates Bible into an Indian tongue
1664 Dutch give up control of New Amsterdam
08 09 1664 a sl English fleet
takes New Amsterdam and names it New York
1665 Duke's Law established by
Duke of York, who renames area for himself
06 03 1665 "The Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society" was 1st published, and is still published today
03 06 1665 The Duke of York defeats the Dutch fleet off the coast of Harwich
12 06 1665 England installs municipal government in New York which had been
under Dutch rule as New Amsterdam
02 09 1666 The great London fire destroyed
around two thirds of London
27 04 1667 John Milton sells his rights to "Paradise
Lost" for a total of 10 pounds
27 07 1667 Johann Bernoulli, mathematician,
was born
30 11 1667 Jonathan Swift, satirist, wrote "Gulliver's Travels"
1668 Sault Ste. Marie established by French missionaries
10 11 1668 Francois
Couperin, composer
1669 Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina inaugurated
1669 Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle explores Ohio River valley
04
10 1669 Rembrandt Van Rijn, the Dutch painter, died
28 12 1669 a patent for
chewing gum was granted to William Semple
1670 Grant from Charles II leads
to settlement of Charleston, SC
1670 Hudson's Bay Company founded to compete
with French fur traders
1670 Newton gives the world The Calculus
18
01 1671 Henry Morgan, the pirate, captured Panama on behalf of England and was
knighted regardless of his ruthless techniques
25 10 1671 Saturnian moon
Iapetus discovered by Giovanni Cassini
23 12 1672 Saturnian moon Rhea discovered
by Giovanni Cassini
1673 Iroquois drive Mosopelea Indians from Southwestern
Ohio
1673 Marquette and Joliet explore northern parts of Mississippi valley
17 02 1673 Jean Baptiste Poquelin Moliere, playwright, author, actor, died
on stage while playing the part of a sick man in his "Le ade Imaginaire"
08 12 1741 Vitus Bering the discoverer of the Bering strait died
14 01 1742 Edmond Halley died
01 04 1742 P. D. Q. Bach was born, 12:01
AM
1743 American Philosophical Society founded by Benjamin Franklin
21 01 1743 John Fitch, had a working steamboat years before Fulton
13 04
1743 Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President (1801-1809)
13 04 1743 Thomas Jefferson,
3rd President, born; died July 4, 1826
24 05 1743 Jean Paul Marat, revolutionary
leader in France, was born
1744 King George's War begins. France joins war
effort against England
17 07 1744 Elbridge Gerry, father of the "gerrymander"
01 08 1744 Jean Baptiste de Lamarck was born in France
18 02 1745 Count
Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, invented the electric battery
18 02 1745 Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta, invented the electric
battery,
28 09 1745 "God save the King" sung for the first time following
the defeat of English forces by Jacobites
16 11 1745 Lucas von Hildebrandt,
architect, died
18 12 1745 Scots are defeated at Clifton Moor
1746 College
of New Jersey, now called Princeton Univ., founded
30 03 1746 Francisco Jose
de Goya, painter, born in Spain
22 10 1746 Princeton was chartered
1747
New York State Bar Association was first in this continent
04 03 1747 Casimir
Pulaski, Polish nobleman who served in the American Revolution, was born
06 07 1747 John Paul Jones was born
1748 "Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep" appears
in New England Primer
1748 Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle ends King George's War
1749 England recognizes slavery and plantation system in the south
1749
George Washington becomes land surveyor at age 17, for an Ohio company
1749
Halifax, Nova Scotia founded
22 02 1749 Johann Nikolaus Forkel, musicologist
& 1st biographer of Bach
28 03 1749 Pierre Simon de Laplace born, mathematician
and astronomer
28 08 1749 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, poet, novelist, was
born
1750 Cumberland Gap discovered, named by Thomas Walker. Westward ho
begins
1750 First American coal mine opens in Virginia
1750 Iron Act
encourages colonial pig iron, forbids colonial steel tools
16 03 1750 Caroline
Herschel born
20 05 1750 Stephen Girard, bailed out US bonds during the War
of 1812
28 07 1750 Johann Sebastian Bach, organist and composer, died in
Leipzig Germany
1751 James Madison, father of our Constitution & 4th
President, born. d.1836
1751 Liberty Bell ordered from England. 50th anniversary
Charter of Privs
16 03 1751 James Madison, 4th President (1809-1817)
24 11 1751 a fair was held on the Thames which had frozen over
1752 Benjamin
Franklin goes out to "fly a kite". A shocking experience!
1752 First general
hospital opens in Philadelphia
1752 Franklin invents the lightning rod based
on his electrical experiments
25 03 1752 Last New Year's Day on 25 Mar in
England (from C12 until 1752)
02 04 1752 Casanova, lover, was born
11
05 1752 1st US fire insurance policy was issued, in Philadelphia
15 06 1752
Ben Franklin performs his famous kite experiment
07 07 1752 Joseph-Marie
Jacquard, Invented a loom controlled by punched cards
07 07 1752 Joseph-Marie
Jacquard, inventor of the punch card weaving machine, was born in Lyons, France
02 09 1752 Great Britain adopts the Gregorian Calendar
19 11 1752 George
Rogers Clark, frontier military leader in Revolutionary War
1753 George Washington
explores western Pa; delivers ultimatum to French
26 03 1753 Benjamin Thompson
born, Count Rumford; American physicist
22 05 1753 The village of Brigadoon
first disappears, only to reappear every 100 years
04 07 1753 Jean-Pierre-Francois
Blanchard, 1st balloon flights in England, US
26 07 1753 Ben Franklin appointed
the first colonial postmaster
1754 Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan of Union
remarks on Iroquoian League
1754 French and Indian War begins; ends forly
in 1763 in Treaty of Paris
1754 King's College, now Columbia University, founded
1754 Major Washington loses battle of Fort Necessity
02 02 1754 Talleyrand,
French statesman & diplomat
09 05 1754 The first newspaper cartoon appeared
in America
23 08 1754 Louis XVI, future French king, was born at Versailes
1755 Braddock's defeat at Pittsburgh; Washington makes Lt Colonel
1755 Irish
immigrant, Jackson, born at sea, will become 7th President
06 06 1755 Nathan
Hale, American Revolutionary war officer, was born
04 08 1755 Nicolas-Jacque
Conte, invented the modern pencil
13 09 1755 Oliver Evans, pioneered the
high-pressure steam engine
01 11 1755 An earthquake hits Spain, Portugal and
Morocco killing 60000 in Lisbon alone
23 01 1756 Wolfgang A. Mozart, musical
prodigy
27 01 1756 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart born (Salzburg)
06 03 1756
Aaron Burr, dualist
06 06 1756 John Trumbull, painter
20 06 1756 Calcutta
was captured and the English are put in the "Black Hole"
21 09 1756 John
Loudon McAdam, created macadam road surface (asphalt)
1757 D. P. Custis died,
leaves his "The White House" plantation to wife Martha
1757 Franklin goes
to London for 17 yeare mission for the colonies
06 09 1757 Lafayette, French
hero of the American revolution, was born
28 11 1757 William Blake, the English
poet and painter, was born
1758 James Monroe, 5th President, born in Virginia
06 04 1758 Maximilien de Robespierre, lawyer and leader in the French Revolution,
was born in Arras France
28 04 1758 James Monroe, 5th President (1816-1824)
24 07 1758 John Dyer, poet, died
29 09 1758 Horatio Nelson, British
naval commander, was born in Burnham Thorpe
16 10 1758 Noah Webster, author
of dictionary, was born
25 12 1758 Halley's Comet appears
1759 General
Wolfe v. Marquis de Montcalm on Plains of Abraham; both die
1759 George Washington
weds Martha Custis, honeymoons at The White House
06 01 1759 George Washington
and Martha Custis were married
25 01 1759 Robert Burns, poet, born
28
02 1759 The Pope gives permission for the Bible to be translated into all languages
of the Catholic states
13 04 1759 George Frederick Handel, the German composer,
died
18 09 1759 The French forly surrendered Québec to the British
1760 Final subjugation of Canada by England
1760 George III becomes
King of England. Colonial population 1.6 million
1761 Writs of Assistance
case tried in Boston
1762 Benjamin Franklin re-designs the harmonica, makes
it a musical instrument
1762 Spain acquires Louisiana from France
22
08 1762 Ann Franklin becomes the first woman editor of an American newspaper,
"The Mercry" in Newport, R.I
1763 Also in Treaty of Paris, England gains
Canada and French land east of MS
1763 John Jacob Astor born in Waldorf, Germany
1763 Pontiac begins seige of Detroit, now a British fort; incites other wars
1763 Treaty of Paris important because borders of United States established
1763 Vigilantes known as Paxton Boys massacre peaceful Conestoga village
10 02 1763 France cedes Canada to England in the Treaty of Paris, ending
the French and Indian War
17 07 1763 John Jacob Astor, millionaire in North
American trapping industry, was born in Germany
08 08 1763 Charles Bullfinch,
1st US professional architect
03 09 1763 French and Indian War ends with Treaty
of Paris signed
15 11 1763 Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon began running
the Mason-Dixon line
1764 Committee of Correspondence formed in Boston
1764 Molasses Act modified to produce revenue, in concert with Revenue Act
1764 Mozart writes his first symphony, at age eight
1764 Revenue Act. Taxation
without representation introduced in Boston
1764 Saint Louis founded
13 03 1764 Charles, Earl Grey, Whig statesmen and Prime Minister was born
15 04 1764 Marquise de Pompadour, mistress of Louis XV of France, died in Versailles
26 10 1764 William Hogarth, artist and engraver, died in London
1765
Britain tries to raise funds with The Stamp Act; Bostonians riot
1765 Non-importation
agreements arranged in principal colonies
1765 Quartering Act requires housing
British troops in private homes
1765 Stamp Act Congress meets in Albany,
NY; first inter-colony Congress
23 03 1765 The Stamp Act was passed by parliament
taxing the American Colonies
29 05 1765 Patrick Henry denounced the Stamp
Act before Virginia's House of Burgesses
01 11 1765 The stamp act goes into
effect in the British colonies. Colonists reacted strongly with flags at half
mast and burning of stamps
14 11 1765 Robert Fulton, built 1st commercial
steamboat
23 11 1765 Fredrick County, Maryland repudiated the British Stamp
Act
08 12 1765 Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin, was born
1766 Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon draw the line at MD & PA border
1766 Stamp Act repealed by England in response to Colonial boycotts
14 02
1766 Thomas thus, English economist, was born
06 09 1766 John Dalton, developed
the atomic theory of matter
Continued
