On the hypothesis, then, that St. Olaf's church was ' Dy J'Alloo,' the first grant to St. Bees, given by a Charter now lost, possibly given by Olaf I, possibly by Gødred II, in the first years of his reign, was the land of that church, viz,, Ballajora, and including the Clerk's Glebe. A Deuar would hold part of it, as agent for St. Bees; a presbyter and clerk would occupy a portion for serving the church there; and the Priory would enjoy the rents of the remainder. If we assume that these second and third parts was the land surrendered to Gødred in exchange for Asmundestoftes and Eschedala, the Priory would be in as good a position as before. They retained their Deuar or Steward; and they would be receiving as much rent as before. They were released from maintaining the church, which would fall into disuse; while the land (Clerk's Glebe) devoted to that purpose could now be given as glebe for a clerk at Maughold Church, now raised to be a parish church. The church of St. Olaf, 'Dy J'Alloo,' having on this hypothesis been in existence for a century and a quarter, would be so fixed in the language of the people by that time as to continue to be called the Jalloo, ' Dy J'Alloo,' even simply as a place-name.
As to Kirk Maughold, it was a religious foundation of time immemorial antiquity. Anglian fragments found there point to 7th or 8th century, and no doubt it had existence as a religious centre in Columban times, viz., 7th century: in the Age of Saint Patrick and Hy-Many- 5th and 6th centuries; nay. even in the Roman period, viz., as early as the 4th century. It is evident that several churches existed at Kirk Maughold, and we may assume several dedications. One of these was ' St. Machutus,' which the Chronicon Manniae, a Cistercian, viz., Catholic or Roman document, has preserved as though the sole or at least distinctive dedication Another was ' St. Machaldus,' if there was a saint of that name. The other dedications are lost.
The Norse-speaking- Manx called the parish and the church Kyrke Maghald, that is to say, the church name before it was made the church of the parish. Bachull, from the Latin baculum, a staff, is in Lismore the name of an estate forming the staffland of Kil-ma-Luoc: that is, it was the part of the church lands there appropriated to the Denar or Steward, who kept the official staff, which was at once title deeds to him as hereditary owner, and also symbol of authority to protect the church property and see that dues were paid. The Livingstone family of Bachull were the Deuars of Kilmaluoc; and still hold the estate. The interchange of the nasal letters 'B ' and ' M,' as it is common in speech, is common in place-names. Kyrke Machull is possibly Kyrke Bachull : one church being in fact situated on the staffland there. Possibly there was no such person as St. Maghald. St. Machutus is a known saint, with several dedications in Scotland. Of St. Maghald as a saint, nothing is known. St. Olaf belongs to a totally new province of saints. Relatively he is recent, when one speaks of things in the 12th century. He died in battle, a king of Norway, and a soldier. His death occurred in 1030. As said above, dedications to him were in the generation or so after his death. But if the dedication in Man had been at Maughold, it would have displaced or obscured the older dedications. Two examples of Scandinavian or Norseman usage are in point.
Two facts about Kirk Maughold church are important.
(i) The church was rebuilt about 1125: this is manifest, from the Norman work incorporated into the present edifice. which is a church with Early English characteristics of about 1275. It is, therefore. certain that Maughold church was rebuilt in the reign of Olaf I, the father of Gødred II and was a building so new as to be suitable to be made the parish church, when Gødred was promoting the organisation of the parochial system, say, about 1175.
(ii) In 1158, when Somerled drove Gødred out of Man, and lay at Ramsey with his fleet, a raid was projected by Gilocolm, one of Somerled's chiefs, on Maughold church. The Chronicon says: ' It was reported to his army that the church of St. Macutus was crammed full with much money: for this place, through reverence for its most holy confessor, St. Macutus, existed as a safe asylum to all fleeing to it in all dangers.' This, of course, means that the church had the right of sanctuary, not only general, which belonged to every church; but, peculiar, which belonged only to a few churches. The votive gifts, arising from this privilege, were the object of Gilocolm's greed: but the privileges of sanctuary appeared to Somerled so sacred that he would not sanction the raid. The 'miracle,' or the ' dream,' and the death of Gilocolm are easy to explain, without explaining away. It was probably Gillocrist
(i) Olaf Tryggvesson founded Throndhjem church and dedicated it to St. Clement in 996. St. Olaf, who was King of Norway, revived the plans of Olaf Tryggvesson and re-dedicated the church to St. Martin in 1016. Again, in 1164 the body of St. Olaf himself was brought to Throndhjem, and the church re-dedicated to St. Olaf. This instance shows that the Norsemen would re-dedicate a church at will, given that a new saint had acquired a vogue.
(ii) The second instance is that of Kirkwall, ' Kirk Olla,' in Orkney. This church, now a mere site in Kirkwall parish. was founded about 1050. In the 12th century St. Magnus of Orkney (died 1116,) became the saint of the Earls of Orkney; and about 1138 they discarded the old Kirk Olla, and built Kirkwall Cathedral, dedicated to St. Magnus. It is quite in keeping with this disposition of the race that King Gødred II of Man should allow a church of St. Olaf, founded, say, a century and a half before his time. to fall into disuse, and its land or a portion of it to be applied to the endowment of the church which he intended to make the parish church of the newly-constituted parish. In other words, ' Dy J'Alloo ' at Port Mooar is a case similar to that of ' Kirk Olla.' near Kirkwall.
The 'miracle,' or the ' dream,' and the death of Gilocolm are easy to explain, without explaining away. It was probably Gillocrist, Deuar of Maughold, that anticipated the design of Gilocolm by entering the camp of Somerled and Gilocolm's tent, and spearing him with his staff! This feat of daring is probable; and when related a century later by the chronicler had developed into a miracle, which is usually a wonderful incident, but, if one knew the actual facts, quite true, and wholly creditable to some brave man. The fact that the church had the right of sanctuary shows its importance and distinction; but does not affect the question of one or of several other churches being there within the precincts of the rampart. Absence of any positive evidence leaves one free to admit that a church and sacred site then was conceded to the Priory of St. Bees. It may be noted that the 'Lancashire acre' of Bishop's barony at Maughold, at Kirk Michael, and at Lezayre, all point to the organisation of these churches into parish churches at the same period, viz., when Bishop Gamaliel was associated with King Gødred in this work.
REGISTER OF ST. BEES. HARLEAN MS. BRIT. MUSEUM.