The Scottish Gaelic name of of the Book of Deer
"Ingen" means "daughter", and was pronounced in Middle Gaelic as, roughly, \EEN-yen\. "Lenited" means that certain grammatical changes are made to the first letter, changing its pronunciation. In some cases, these changes are shown in the spelling. In particular, "c" always becomes "ch", "t" always becomes "th", "f" always becomes either "f." (where "f." represents "f" with a dot, called a "punctum delens", written above it) or "fh", and "s" always becomes either "s." or "sh", "b" sometimes becomes "bh", "d" sometimes becomes "dh", "g" sometimes becomes "gh", "m" sometimes becomes "mh", and "p" sometimes becomes "ph". The changes to "l", "n", and "r" are never shown in the spelling. No examples of women with metronymic bynames were found, that is, with a byname indicating who a woman's mother is. There are currently no known examples of metronymic bynames used in Gaelic Scotland at any time in the middle ages.
Women
Nominative Genitive Other Ete - - Éua - - [Jackson comments "Éua is the Latin", i.e., "Eva".] Each woman's name & byname -- indicating who her father is -- is set up as follows:
<given name in nominative case> ingen <father's given name in genitive case & lenited>
"Mormaer" was probably pronounced in 12th century Gaelic . It was more normal to use "mormaer" rather than "in mormaer" in bynames. The most typical overall structure for a man's name & byname in the Gaelic notes in the Book of Deer is a single given name followed by a single byname. There are no examples of anyone with two given names (i.e., with a "middle" name). In Scotland, if there were any instances at all, they remain vanishingly rare until after 1600.
Men
Nominative Genitive Other Three or more different individuals in the Book of Deer, or noted as common by Jackson: Cathal Cathail - Cennédig Cennédig - Comgell, Comgeall - - Cormac Cormaic Cormac (Latin, dative), Cormac (Latin, ablative) Domnall Domnaill - Donnchad, Donchad Donnchaid, Donnchid Doncado (Latin, ablative) Feradach, Feradac - - Finguine Finguni - Mael-Coluim, Mal-Coluim, Mal-Colum, Mal-Coloum Maíl-Choluim, Mal-Colaim - Apparently neither common nor uncommon: Ádam - Adam (Latin, nom.) Aed Éda Æd (Latin, nom. for gen.) Aindrias - Andrea (Latin, ablative)
[only example was a Bishop, so may not have been used by Gaels]Arcill Arcill - Bróccín - Brocin (Latin, ablative)- Caerell Caerill - Cainnech, Cainnec Cannech, Caennaig, Cainnaig - Cinaed Cinatha, Cinaeda - Colbán - - Cuilén Culéon, Culéoin - Dauíd Dauíd Dauid (Latin, nom.)
[only example was the King of Scotland, so may not have been used by Gaels]Domongart - - Ferdomnach Ferdomnaig Ferdomnac (Latin, ablative) Gartnait, Garnait Garnait - Gille-Aindréis - Gillendrias (Latin, ablative) Gille-Brigte - ggille-Brite (Latin, ablative) Gille-Callíne - - Gille-Colaim - - Gille-Coimded - Gille-Comded (Latin, ablative) Gille-Críst - - Gille-Míchéil, Gille-Míchél, Gille-Mícael Gille-Míchéil, Gille-Míchél, Gille-Mícael - Gille-Petair, Gilli-Petair - - ? - Gregorio (Latin, ablative of nom. Latin Gregorius)
[only example was a Bishop, so may not have been used by Gaels]Léot, Léod - - Lulach Luloig - Mac-Bead, Mac-Bethad Mec-Bead - Mael-Bricín, Mal-Bricín Maíl-Bricín, Mal-Bricín - Mael-Brigte, Mal-Brigte Maíl-Brigte, Moíl-Brigte - Mael-Domnig, Male-Domni - - Mael-Féichín, Mael-Féchín, Mal-Féchín, Mal-échín, Mal-æchín - - Mael-Giric, Mal-Girc - - Mael-Muire, Mal-Moire - Mal-Mori (Latin, ablative) Mael-Petir, Mal-Petir - - Mael-Snechta, Mal-Snecte - - Matadín - - Matne Matni Matni (Latin, genitive?) Morgunn, Morgann, Morgant Morgainn, Morcunn, Morcunt - Muiredach, Moridac Muredig - Nectan, Nechtan - - Ruadrí Ruadrí - ? - Samsone (Latin, ablative for nom. Samson)
[only example was a Bishop, so may not have been used by Gaels]Síthech Síthig - Noted as rare by Jackson, or else as a name not found elsewhere: Algune, Alguine - Alwine (English) Baíthín Batín - Cú Líi, Cú Lí - - Donnachac - - Dubne, Duibne, Dubni - - Giric Giric - Ided or Idad Idid, Hidid - Mac-Dobarchon Meic-Dobarcon, Meic-Dobarchon - Mac-Dubbacín Meic-Dubbacín - Matain - - ? Molíne - Trálín, Tráillín Trálín -
The basic name & single patronymic byname -- indicating who his father is -- is set up as follows:
<given name in nominative case> mac <father's given name in genitive case>There is one instance of a two generation patronymic byname for a man -- indicating who his father and grandfather are. This type of name & byname is set up as follows:
<given name in nominative case> mac <father's given name in genitive case> mec <father's father's given name in genitive case>
This type of Religious Office Byname & byname is set up as follows:
<given name in nominative case> <office in nominative case> <place where office held in genitive case>This type of Noble Office name & byname is set up as follows:
<given name in nominative case> [in] mormaer <place of which mormaer in genitive case>This type of Occupational name & byname is set up as follows:
<given name in nominative case> <occupation in nominative case>