In Ireland the Culdee of Armagh endured until the dissolution in 1541, and enjoyed a fleeting resurrection in 1627, soon after which their ancient property passed to the vicars choral of the cathedral. 1541 began the Kingdom of Ireland til 1800. From 1171 to 1541, Ireland nominally, the post-partition states, not the patchwork of small Gaelic kingdoms was Lordship of Ireland- its earliest date saw Saladin's abolition of the Fatimid caliphate which restores Sunni rule in Egypt. From South Wales, a ruler of the kingdom Deubarth named Rhys ap Gruffyd accepted the title of Lord Rhys who was born in Ireland. He made peace with Henry II and King of the Irish province of Leinster, Diarmait MacMurrough and was named Justicar of South Wales. His daughter Gwenllian married Ednyfed Fychan, seneschal of Gwynedd. The Lordship in the later middle ages as the 'pale' or 'Pale of Dublin' from its defences in imitation of the earlier-named 'Pale of Calais'.
It was long imagined by Protestant and especially by Presbyterian writers that they had preserved primitive Christianity free from Roman corruptions in one remote corner of western Europe. The Western Isles (particularly Harris) have been described as the last bastion of fundamentalist Calvinism in Britain with large amounts of inhabitants subscribing to the Free Church of Scotland or the more hardline Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland. The Outer Hebrides or Western Isles (officially known by the Gaelic name, Na h-Eileanan Siar) comprise an island chain off the west coast of Scotland. The Hebrides began to come under Norse control and settlement already before the 9th century AD.
The Norse control of the Hebrides was formalized in 1098 when Edgar of Scotland formally signed the islands over to Magnus III of Norway. The Scottish acceptance of Magnus III as King of the Isles came after the Norwegian king had conquered the Orkney Islands, the Hebrides and the Isle of Man in a swift campaign earlier the same year, directed against the local Norwegian leaders of the various islands. The Outer Hebrides would remain under the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles while the Inner Hebrides broke out under Somerled. After Somerled's death in 1164 the rulers of Mann would no longer be in control of the Inner Hebrides.
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Lewis is in the north of the island group and forms part of the county of Ross-shire. The rest of the group, including Harris, is part of Inverness-shire.The Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland was formed in 1893 and claims to be the spiritual descendant of the Scottish Reformation. The contemporary Free Church of Scotland is that part of the original Free Church of Scotland that remained outwith the union with the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland in 1900. Between 1890 and 1975 administration was split, by the Lewis-Harris boundary, between the county councils of Ross and Cromarty (which covered Ross-shire and Cromartyshire) and Inverness-shire.
| First Book of the Celtic Crusades, by Lawhead: the Crusaders discovered The Iron Lance, which is believed to be the Roman Spear that peirced the side of Christ as he was crucified upon the Cross, to prove that he was dead. |
| Second Book of the Celtic Crusades, by Lawhead: the Céle Dé come into possession of the Black Rood, a piece of the True Cross, which is believed to be the very same Cross upon which Christ was crucified. It is believed that the Crusader Armies carried this piece of Wood before them as they marched into Battle for they believed it would bring them victory. |
| Third and Final Book of the Celtic Crusades, by Lawhead: the Céle Dé find the Cup of Christ, which legend holds as the Holy Grail... they discover it somewhere in Spain while attempting to rescue one of their own, kidnapped by Arabic rebels. At the same time they are fleeing from the Templar Knights whose leader seeks the Cup for his own glory and chases after them. |
The entire Trilogy of the Celtic Crusades by Lawhead, hints that a secret Order of the Céle Dé remained, in Scotland up until the time of the outbreak of World War I. Celtic Christianity is at present undergoing something of a revival: in the North of England at the Community of St. Aidan and St. Hilda on Lindisfarne, and in Scotland at the Iona Community. The Iona Community is a scattered community. Its members live mainly in Scotland, England and Wales, others live in Australia, Germany, Malaysia and the United States of America.