Iberia is a place where the languages Tartessian and Lusitanian were possibly spoken in Celic pretext. The Celtiberians dwelt in the Iberian Peninsula, a costal area in what is now north central Spain. The Roman province suggest that the Lusitanii gave their name to Lusitania and their tribal names include the Arevaci, Bellii, Titti, Lusones. Whether all tribes were familiar with the Q-Celtic such as Goidelic which is dissimilar to P-Celtic like Gaulish, the relationship between Brythonic and Gaulish come together as P-Celtic. Then the Q-Celtic Goidelic separate would have a paraphyletic pair when the linguistic change had already occured in Brythonic and Gaulish. The pronoun ios is not preserved in other Celtic dialects with particles in Welsh that occur in Old Irish.

During the Second Punic War, the historical impact of the Celtiberians had already been continentally far. When the major civic center Rome received the Celtiberians per se, another allie of Carthage crossed the Alps under Hannibal's command. The leadership of Sempronius Gracchus between 182-179 recovered much the Roman version of the unifying dialects while Celtiberian bands adopted Roman legislation in another language.

Maine is in the modern départment of Sarthe. It corresponds to the old county of Maine, centered around the city of Le Mans. Bordering the county of Anjou and the duchy of Normandy, Maine was a great matter of contention between the rulers of these more powerful principalities.

Maine is first mentioned by Ptolemy (Geography 2.8.8), the Roman city Vindinium was the capital of the Aulerci, a client tribe of the Aedui- a Gallic people of Gallia Lugdunensis (Modern France), who inhabited the country between the Arar (Saone) and Liger (Loire). The original extent of Gallia Lugdunensis was from the rivers Seine and Marne in the north-east, which formed the boundary with Gallia Belgica, to the river Garonne in the south-west, which formed the border with Gallia Aquitania and its captial of Lyon and central-eastern portions were given to the new province of Germania Superior. Le Mans is also indentified as the town known as Civitas Cenomanorum (City of the Cenomani).

The Cenomani were a branch of the Aulerci (Lyon, Auvergne) in Gallia Celtica... there some of them settled near Massilia in the territory of the Volcae and around 400 BC, crossed into Italy, drove the Etruscans southwards. According to Caesar (Bell. Gall. vii.75.3), they assisted Vercingetorix, Belgic chieftain of the Arverni in the great rising (52 BC) with a force of 5,000 men. Prince Vercingetorix may have been a 17-year-old teenager when he unified the Gauls against Julius Caesar's invading legions. It is also likely that he had Druidic help in planning his defense against Julius Caesar. Only when Caesar led the last reserves into battle in person did he finally manage to prevail. This was a very decisive battle in the creation of the Roman empire. The Cenomani nearly always appear in history as loyal friends and allies of the Romans, whom they assisted in the Gallic War (225 BC), when the Boii and Insubres took up arms against Rome, and during the war against Hannibal. Hannibal Barca (247 BC – c. 183 BC) with the Punic military established its supremacy over other great powers such as Carthage, Macedon, Syracuse and the Seleucid empire. Hannibal was now determined to carry the war into the heart of Italy by a rapid march through Hispania and southern Gaul. The Romans appointed Fabius Maximus as a dictator. Unlike most battles of the Second Punic War, the Romans had superiority in cavalry and the Carthaginians had superiority in infantry. Hannibal's celebrated feat in crossing the Alps with war elephants passed into European legend. In Italy, Cenomani is the name of a people; in Gaul, merely a surname of the Aulerci.

Sometime between 1045 and 1047 Hugh IV married Bertha, daughter of Odo II of Blois. The Angevins did not want Maine to come under the influence of Blois, and Count Geoffrey Martel invaded Maine. In 1051 Hugh IV died and the citizens of Le Mans opened their gate to the Angevins. Anjou wound up with effective control of most of the county, but the Normans did take several important strongholds on the Maine-Normandy border. William the Conqueror invaded Maine in force and controlled the county by the beginning of 1064. The Norman control of Maine secured the southern border of Normandy against Anjou and is one factor which enabled William to launch his successful invasion of England in 1066. The real power, however, was one of the Manceaux barons, Geoffrey of Mayenne. In 1069 the citizens of Le Mans, Maine revolted against the Normans, which led to Hugh V being proclaimed count of Maine. The Normans and their Flemish mercenaries invaded Pembroke in 1093. The kingdom of France annexed Maine in 1203. In 1429, Joan of Arc made Blois-situated on the banks of the lower river Loire between Orléans and Tours, her base of operations for the relief of Orleans.

Blois city's inhabitants included many Calvinists, and in 1562 and 1567 it was the scene of struggles between them and the supporters of the Catholic church. In 1576 and 1588 Henri III, king of France, chose Blois as the meeting-place of the States-General, and in 1588 he brought about the murders of Henry, duke of Guise, and his brother, Louis, archbishop of Reims and cardinal, in the Château, where their deaths were shortly followed by that of the queen-mother, Catherine de' Medici. From 1617 to 1619 Marie de' Medici, wife of King Henri IV, exiled from the court, lived at the château, which was soon afterwards given by King Louis XIII to his brother Gaston, Duke of Orleans, who lived there till his death in 1660. The bishopric dates from the end of the 17th century. In 1814 Blois was for a short time the seat of the regency of Marie Louise, wife of Napoleon I.