The Elamite period is considered a starting point for the history of Iran (although there were older civilizations in Iranian plateau like Mannaeans kingdom in Iranian Azarbaijan and Shahr-i Sokhta (Burned City) in Zabol and other indigenous civilizations such as Jiroft Kingdom who lived in Iranian plateau but weren't as established as Elamites). Proto-Elamite influence from the Persian plateau in Susa becomes visible from about 3200 BC, and texts in the still undeciphered Proto-Elamite script continue to be present until about 2700 BC, into the wars of the Second Dynasty in Egypt. From the middle of the 3rd millennium, it developed into Linear Elamite, used until ca. the 23rd century BC, when it was replaced by Elamite Cuneiform, an adaptation of Akkadian Cuneiform script, developed from ca. 2500 BC. The last written records in Elamite appear about the time of the conquest of the Persian Empire by Alexander the Great.
The First Dynasty of Babylon between the 10th and 21st centuries, all of the yeare names for Hammurabi, and astronomical observations. The chronology of Babylon and Assur can be aligned by the list of wars and treaties between the two cities from the time of king Ashurbanipal. Hittite chronology is dependent on Assyria and Egypt. Although ascertaining exact dates during this period is subject to significant disagreement, the Akkadian Empire lasted from circa 2350 B.C. to 2150 B.C. approximately 200 years. The last Sumerian ruler, Lugal-Zage-Si, was Alusarsid (or Urumus) who "subdued Elam and Barahs." But the fame of these early establishers of Semitic supremacy was far eclipsed by that of Sargon (Sharru-kin) in 2300 BC, who defeated and captured Lugal-Zage-Si, conquering his empire.
The great empire of Ur in southern Babylonia (circa 2050 - 1950 BC), which had included most of western Asia as its sphere of influence, collapsed in the middle of the twentieth century B.C. and on its ruins arose a group of warlike successor states. The ruling classes and most of the population of these states spoke a West Semitic language generally dubbed Amorite, but nomadic life on the steppes, they had by now for several generations been exposed to the influences of Akkadian culture-the area where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers are closest to each other and its northern limit extended beyond the line of the modern cities of Fallujah and Baghdad.
Akkad is an ancient region of Mesopotamia occupying the northern part of what was later called Babylonian. The southern part was Sumer. In both regions city-states had begun to appear in the 4th millennium BC. After the fall of the Ur III dynasty owing to an Elamite invasion in 2004 BC, Mesopotamia passed under foreign influence of perhaps the 3rd dynasty of Ur-Nammu, and the life of Abraham, and arrival of the ancestors of the Latins in Italy. This period is called Old Babylonian, and lasted from ca. 2000 B.C. until 1595 BC. Amorites had served in Ur III armies and made up Ur III labor groups under both the Akkad and Ur III dynasties long before. Amorites seem to have worshipped the moon-god Sin and Amurru. Known Amorites (mostly those of Mari) wrote in a dialect of Akkadian found on tablets dating from 1800–1750 B.C. showing many northwest Semitic forms and constructions.
In early Babylonian inscriptions, all western lands, including Syria and Canaan, were known as "the land of the Amorites", who twice conquered Babylonia at the end of the 3rd, and the beginning of the 1st millennia. The old name Amurru was used by Assyria and Egypt although the Sumerian spelling MAR.TU names the olden first Babylonian dynasty from the 15th century B.C. to the land extending north of Canaan as far as Kadesh on the Orontes. From the Amorite conquest of Ur, the last Sumerian dynasty, the patriarch Jacob, the completion of Stonehenge- to the Hittite kingdom that sacks Babylon and brings end to the rule of the descendants of Hammurabi in that kingdom. Aaron was born to Amram and his wife Jochebed. During the first centuries of this period, kings and people in high position often had Amorite (Sumer) names, and supreme power rested at Isin.
The Mesopotamian civilization survived the arrival of Amorites as it had survived the Akkadian domination and the restless period the preceded the rise of the Third Dynasty of Ur, after several centuries of Akkadian and Gutian kings. The Ur III kings oversaw many substantial state-run projects, including intricate irrigation systems and centralization of agriculture. Amorites of the Old Testament was used by the Israelites to refer to certain highland mountaineers as descendants of Canaan who inhabited that land- east and west of the Jordan river and from the heights west of the Dead Sea.